Physical Training Program and Physical Training Principles. The physical training program is a series of activities in the form of physical exercise by repetitive and programmed to achieve certain goals. In the preparation and execution of a physical training program, a coach is required to have knowledge and art or we call it art and science. The art of coaching should be based on the sports science supported by the various disciplines in the training. So through the physical training program provided by the coach, an athlete can develop all the potential that is in him. Both potential in terms of physical and mental.
Physical Training Program
In addition, physical training programs are also aimed at generating a variety of body system changes and positive mental-social potential. To achieve some of these goals then the preparation and implementation of physical training program should pay attention to the application of several concepts from various principles of physical training.
In the science of coaching, there are several kinds of physical training principle principles that become the reference and the basis for applied to the physical training program. By applying the principle of physical training in the physical training program, our athletes can reach the targets that we set in the physical training program.
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Principles of Physical Training
Some of the opinions of experts in Coaching Science and Sports Medicine there is little difference, about the principle of physical training. But in general, the principle of physical training that must be in the physical training program is as follows:
- The principle of weight training increases
- The principle of avoiding dose / excessive load
- Individual principles
- The principle of recovery
- Specific principles
- The principle of maintaining a dose of exercise
The principle of weight training increases
In this principle of physical training, it is monitored through the attainment of maximum heart rate (MHR) in the training zone (training zone is the range of achievement of training heart rate determined by the coach through the intensity of the training) and aimed to obtain positive body response and adaptation.
The principle of avoiding dose / excessive load
The dose or weight of the training should be taken care of so as not to cause micro-injury that is difficult to treat and cure so that the effect can result in anatomical (bodily) and physiological injuries (body functions that may occur due to overuse factors).
Individual principles
The application of this physical training principle is based on the fact that the characteristics of the athlete are different physiologically, psychologically and socially, so that in the process of implementing a physical training program a coach should be able to provide appropriate treatment for athletes according to their characteristics.
The principle of recovery
The principle of recovery based on the body's ability to provide and synthesize metabolic waste (usually in the form of lactic acid) into a new energy source for subsequent physical activity. For example, such as the accumulation of lactic acid in the blood, it will be very beneficial for the supply of energy anaerobic or aerobic, if our body is able to convert the lactic acid into energy with adequate oxygen.
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This principle is based on the fact that the body is incapable of adapting to a sudden and excessive dose of exercise drills above its threshold. If the instantaneous load of stimulation is given too much weight at a time our body will no longer be able to respond to the loading of training dose. The incident will usually be accompanied by the mental condition of athletes who have experienced burnout and fatigue.
Therefore, the application of physical training doses should apply the ladder system revealed by Tudor O. Bompa. In the ladder system, there is a phase unloading that is useful to restore the body system by decomposing and synthesizing metabolic waste into energy.
Coaching does apply art and science, therefore setting and applying physical training doses should also be varied, there are times when heavy physical training doses and there are also times when the dose of light physical training leads to rest for recovery.
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